Academic Proof of Stake Publications [new for 2020]

An alternative to “Proof of Work” consensus. Must have a digital object identifier, and published between 2017 and 2020. Last updated on 20th November, 2020.

• “Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol“. Aggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell, Bernardo David, Roman Oliynykov. 2017. Springer International Publishing Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2017. 207 cites.
• “Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake“. Fahad Saleh. 2018. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 48 cites.
• “Ouroboros Praos: An Adaptively-Secure, Semi-synchronous Proof-of-Stake Blockchain“. Bernardo David, Peter Gaži, Aggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell. 2018. Springer International Publishing Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2018. 46 cites.
• “Securing Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols“. Wenting Li, Sébastien Andreina, Jens-Matthias Bohli, Ghassan Karame. 2017. Springer International Publishing Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 41 cites.
• “Ouroboros Genesis“. Christian Badertscher, Peter Gaži, Aggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell, Vassilis Zikas. 2018. ACM Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 35 cites.
• “Proof-of-Stake Algorithmic Methods: A Comparative Summary“. Usman Chohan. 2018. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 29 cites.
• “Stake-Bleeding Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Blockchains“. Peter Gazi, Aggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell. 2018. IEEE 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT). 19 cites.
• “Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanisms for Future Blockchain Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Opportunities“. Cong T. Nguyen, Dinh Thai Hoang, Diep N. Nguyen, Dusit Niyato, Huynh Tuong Nguyen, Eryk Dutkiewicz. 2019. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Access. 16 cites.
• “CloudPoS: A Proof-of-Stake Consensus Design for Blockchain Integrated Cloud“. Deepak Tosh, Sachin Shetty, Peter Foytik, Charles Kamhoua, Laurent Njilla. 2018. IEEE 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). 14 cites.
• “A Survey on Long-Range Attacks for Proof of Stake Protocols“. Evangelos Deirmentzoglou, Georgios Papakyriakopoulos, Constantinos Patsakis. 2019. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Access. 14 cites.
• “Proof-of-Stake Sidechains“. Peter Gazi, Aggelos Kiayias, Dionysis Zindros. 2019. IEEE 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). 11 cites.
• “Snow White: Robustly Reconfigurable Consensus and Applications to Provably Secure Proof of Stake“. Phil Daian, Rafael Pass, Elaine Shi. 2019. Springer International Publishing Financial Cryptography and Data Security. 10 cites.
• “Delegated Proof of Stake With Downgrade: A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Consensus Algorithm With Downgrade Mechanism“. Fan Yang, Wei Zhou, QingQing Wu, Rui Long, Neal N. Xiong, Meiqi Zhou. 2019. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Access. 9 cites.
• “Evolution of Shares in a Proof-of-Stake Cryptocurrency“. Ioanid Rosu, Fahad Saleh. 2019. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 8 cites.
• “TwinsCoin“. Tuyet Duong, Alexander Chepurnoy, Lei Fan, Hong-Sheng Zhou. 2018. ACM Press Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, and Contracts – BCC ’18. 7 cites.
• “Compounding of Wealth in Proof-of-Stake Cryptocurrencies“. Giulia Fanti, Leonid Kogan, Sewoong Oh, Kathleen Ruan, Pramod Viswanath, Gerui Wang. 2019. Springer International Publishing Financial Cryptography and Data Security. 7 cites.
• “Roll-DPoS“. Xinxin Fan, Qi Chai. 2018. ACM Proceedings of the 15th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services. 7 cites.
• “Barracuda“. Giulia Fanti, Jiantao Jiao, Ashok Makkuva, Sewoong Oh, Ranvir Rana, Pramod Viswanath. 2019. ACM Proceedings of the Twentieth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. 7 cites.
• “A Proof-of-Stake Protocol for Consensus on Bitcoin Subchains“. Massimo Bartoletti, Stefano Lande, Alessandro Sebastian Podda. 2017. Springer International Publishing Financial Cryptography and Data Security. 6 cites.
• “Formal Barriers to Longest-Chain Proof-of-Stake Protocols“. Jonah Brown-Cohen, Arvind Narayanan, Alexandros Psomas, S. Matthew Weinberg. 2019. ACM Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. 6 cites.
• “Proof of Stake Blockchain“. Jason Spasovski, Peter Eklund. 2017. ACM Press Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Management of Digital EcoSystems – MEDES ’17. 5 cites.
• “Blockchain without Waste: Proof-of-Stake“. Fahad Saleh. 2020. Oxford University Press (OUP) The Review of Financial Studies. 4 cites.
• “Weighted Voting on the Blockchain: Improving Consensus in Proof of Stake Protocols“. Stefanos Leonardos, Daniel Reijsbergen, Georgios Piliouras. 2019. IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). 4 cites.
• “Pros and cons of consensus algorithm proof of stake. Difference in the network safety in proof of work and proof of stake“. Oleksandr Vashchuk, Roman Shuwar. 2018. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Electronics and Information Technologies. 3 cites.
• “Coin Concentration of Proof-of-Stake Blockchains“. Felix Irresberger. 2018. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 3 cites.
• “Ouroboros Crypsinous: Privacy-Preserving Proof-of-Stake“. Thomas Kerber, Aggelos Kiayias, Markulf Kohlweiss, Vassilis Zikas. 2019. IEEE 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). 3 cites.
• “Formal Analysis of a Proof-of-Stake Blockchain“. Wai Yan Maung Maung Thin, Naipeng Dong, Guangdong Bai, Jin Song Dong. 2018. IEEE 2018 23rd International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS). 3 cites.
• “What Is at Stake in Building “Non-Western” International Relations Theory?“. Yong-Soo Eun. 2018. Routledge . 3 cites.
• “How Much is at Stake for the Pragmatic Encroacher“. Jeffrey Sanford Russell. 2019. Oxford University Press Oxford Studies in Epistemology Volume 6. 2 cites.
• “Proof-of-Stake Protocols for Privacy-Aware Blockchains“. Chaya Ganesh, Claudio Orlandi, Daniel Tschudi. 2019. Springer International Publishing Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2019. 2 cites.
• “Incentive compatible and anti-compounding of wealth in proof-of-stake“. Yilei Wang, Guoyu Yang, Andrea Bracciali, Ho-fung Leung, Haibo Tian, Lishan Ke, Xiaomei Yu. 2020. Elsevier BV Information Sciences. 2 cites.
• “Tethered Fates“. Shareen Hertel. 2019. Oxford University Press . 2 cites.
• “Evaluation of Energy Consumption in Block-Chains with Proof of Work and Proof of Stake“. Rong Zhang, Wai Kin (Victor) Chan. 2020. IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1 cites.
• “Anonymous Lottery In The Proof-of-Stake Setting“. Foteini Baldimtsi, Varun Madathil, Alessandra Scafuro, Linfeng Zhou. 2020. IEEE 2020 IEEE 33rd Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF). 1 cites.
• “P Coin: High Speed Cryptocurrency Based on Random-Checkers Proof of Stake“. Thawatchai Chomsiri, Kan Kongsup. 2018. IEEE 2018 Joint 10th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 19th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS). 1 cites.
• “Compensation for Power Loss by A Proof-of-Stake Consortium Blockchain Microgrid“. Jiawei Yang, Amrit Paudel, Hoay Beng Gooi. 2020. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 1 cites.
• “What’s at Stake“. Harold Hongju Koh. 2018. Oxford University Press Oxford Scholarship Online. 1 cites.
• “StakeCube: Combining Sharding and Proof-of-Stake to Build Fork-Free Secure Permissionless Distributed Ledgers“. Antoine Durand, Emmanuelle Anceaume, Romaric Ludinard. 2019. Springer International Publishing Networked Systems. 1 cites.
• “Puncturable Signatures and Applications in Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols“. Xinyu Li, Jing Xu, Xiong Fan, Yuchen Wang, Zhenfeng Zhang. 2020. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. 1 cites.
• “Robust Proof of Stake: A New Consensus Protocol for Sustainable Blockchain Systems“. Aiya Li, Xianhua Wei, Zhou He. 2020. MDPI AG Sustainability. 1 cites.
• “Multivariable based checkpoints to mitigate the long range attack in proof-of-stake based blockchains“. Ibrahim Ahmed I. AlMallohi, Ahmed Saad M. Alotaibi, Rahaf Alghafees, Farzana Azam, Zeeshan Shafi Khan. 2019. ACM Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on High Performance Compilation, Computing and Communications. 1 cites.
• “Stake Centralization in Decentralized Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Network“. Ping He, Dunzhe Tang, Jingwen Wang. 2020. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 0 cites.
• “Semadaas Proof of Stake Protocol“. Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal. 2018. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 0 cites.
• “A new fair democracy inspired by Delegated Proof of Stake algorithm“. Amiya Behera. 2019. Center for Open Science . 0 cites.
• “Comparative Review of the Blockchain Consensus Algorithm Between Proof of Stake (POS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS)“. Sheikh Munir Skh Saad, Raja Zahilah Raja Mohd Radzi. 2020. Penerbit UTM Press International Journal of Innovative Computing. 0 cites.
• “DPoSB: Delegated Proof of Stake with node’s behavior and Borda Count“. Chao Tan, Liang Xiong. 2020. IEEE 2020 IEEE 5th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). 0 cites.
• “Proof-of-Stake baseado em Tempo Discreto“. Yoshitomi Eduardo Maehara Aliaga, Diego Fernandes Gonçalves Martins, Marco Aurelio Amaral Henriques. 2019. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação – SBC Workshop em Blockchain: Teoria, Tecnologias e Aplicações. 0 cites.
• “BeaconBlocks: Augmenting Proof-of-Stake with On-Chain Time Synchronization“. Alexander Hartl, Tanja Zseby, Joachim Fabini. 2019. IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). 0 cites.
• “Scalable Secure Blockchain based on Proof of Stake Protocol ARAM Blockchain“. Aiman AbuSamra, Ahmed Alghoul, Rajai Alhimdiat, Mohammed Alashqar. 2020. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 0 cites.
• “Evolution of Shares in a Proof-of-Stake Cryptocurrency“. Ioanid Roşu, Fahad Saleh. 2020. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Management Science. 0 cites.
• “An Improved Scheme of Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism“. Yuan Cheng, Xiaohui Hu, Jianguo Zhang. 2019. IEEE 2019 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE). 0 cites.
• “TontineCoin: Murder-Based Proof-of-Stake“. Chris Pollett, Thomas H. Austin, Katerina Potika, Justin Rietz. 2020. IEEE 2020 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS). 0 cites.
• “Proof-of-Participation: Implementation of Proof-of-Stake Through Proof-of-Work“. Arpit Nandwani, Mudit Gupta, Narina Thakur. 2018. Springer Singapore International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications. 0 cites.
• “Proof-of-stake at stake“. Suhyeon Lee, Seungjoo Kim. 2020. ACM Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains for Distributed Systems. 0 cites.
• “Quantum Attacks and Defenses for Proof-of-Stake“. Amr M. Khalifa, Ayman M. Bahaa-Eldin, Mohamed Aly Sobh. 2019. IEEE 2019 14th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES). 0 cites.
• “A State-aware Proof of Stake Consensus Protocol for Power System Resilience“. Xueping Liang, Sachin Shetty. 2019. ACM Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems. 0 cites.
• “Adaptation of Proof-of-Stake-based Blockchains for IoT Data Streams“. Sina Rafati Niya, Eryk Schiller, Ile Cepilov, Fabio Maddaloni, Kursat Aydinli, Timo Surbeck, Thomas Bocek, Burkhard Stiller. 2019. IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). 0 cites.
• “Fractal“. Hong-Sheng Zhou. 2019. ACM Press Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Security in Cloud Computing – SCC ’19. 0 cites.
• “POSDAO: Proof of Stake Decentralized Autonomous Organization“. Igor Barinov, Vadim Arasev, Andreas Fackler, Vladimir Komendantskiy, Andrew Gross, Alexander Kolotov, Daria Isakova. 2019. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 0 cites.
• “End-to-End Verifiable Electronic Voting System Using Delegated Proof of Stake On Blockchain“. Pranith H, Manoj Kumar M. V., Sanjay H A, Prashanth B S, Likewin Thomas, Srinivasa Murthy Y V. 2019. Elsevier BV SSRN Electronic Journal. 0 cites.
• “Edu-Coin: A Proof of Stake implementation of a decentralized skill validation application“. Namita Nair, Ankit Kumar Dalal, Abhishek Chhabra, Nupur Giri. 2019. IEEE 2019 International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE). 0 cites.
• “SklCoin: Toward a Scalable Proof-of-Stake and Collective Signature Based Consensus Protocol for Strong Consistency in Blockchain“. Zakwan Jaroucheh, Baraq Ghaleb, William J Buchanan. 2020. IEEE 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C). 0 cites.
• “Mobile Smart-Contract Lifecycle Governance with Incentivized Proof-of-Stake for Oligopoly-Formation Prevention“. Vipin Deval, Alex Norta. 2019. IEEE 2019 19th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGRID). 0 cites.
• “Blockchain based Land Registry with Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) Consensus in Bangladesh“. Mahbub Alam Majumdar, Mobashir Monim, Mohammad Muhtasim Shahriyer. 2020. IEEE 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP). 0 cites.
• “Winkle“. Sarah Azouvi, George Danezis, Valeria Nikolaenko. 2020. ACM Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. 0 cites.
• “Defending Against Malicious Reorgs in Tezos Proof-of-Stake“. Michael Neuder, Daniel J. Moroz, Rithvik Rao, David C. Parkes. 2020. ACM Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies. 0 cites.
• “Baguena: A Practical Proof of Stake Protocol with a Robust Delegation Mechanism“. Liucheng Shi, Zhaozhong Guo. 2020. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Chinese Journal of Electronics. 0 cites.
• “PoTS: A Secure Proof of TEE-Stake for Permissionless Blockchains“. Sebastien Andreina, Jens-Matthias Bohli, G. Karame, Wenting Li, Giorgia Azzurra Marson. 2020. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on Services Computing. 0 cites.
• “2-hop Blockchain: Combining Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake Securely“. Tuyet Duong, Lei Fan, Jonathan Katz, Phuc Thai, Hong-Sheng Zhou. 2020. Springer International Publishing Computer Security – ESORICS 2020. 0 cites.
• “Blockchain Technology: Consensus Protocol Proof of Work and Proof of Stake“. B. Sriman, S. Ganesh Kumar, P. Shamili. 2020. Springer Singapore Intelligent Computing and Applications. 0 cites.
• “What is at stake“. Lieven Danckaert. 2017. Oxford University Press Oxford Scholarship Online. 0 cites.
• “Personal stake“. Robert West. 2020. Qeios Definitions. 0 cites.
• “Investor’s Pessimistic and False Belief About Trustworthiness and Stake Size in Trust Decision“. Kiri Kuroda, Yoshio Kamijo, Tatsuya Kameda. 2020. Wiley Japanese Psychological Research. 0 cites.
• “The Sweetheart of the Riverton Stake“. Sara M. Patterson. 2020. Oxford University Press Pioneers in the Attic. 0 cites.
• “The Territory at Stake“. Riva Kastoryano. 2018. Oxford University Press Burying Jihadis. 0 cites.
• “Life Years at Stake“. Andreas Mogensen. 2019. Oxford University Press Saving People from the Harm of Death. 0 cites.
• “A Public, Blockchain-Based Distributed Smart-Contract Platform Enabling Mobile Lite Wallets Using a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Algorithm“. Alex Norta, Patrick Dai, Neil Mahi, Jordan Earls. 2019. Springer International Publishing Business Information Systems Workshops. 0 cites.
• “Proof of Stake for Blockchain Based Distributed Intrusion Detecting System“. Ivan Burmaka, Nikolai Stoianov, Vitalii Lytvynov, Mariia Dorosh, Svitlana Lytvyn. 2020. Springer International Publishing Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 0 cites.
• “BUILDING A COMPOSITION OF CONSENSUS ALGORITHMS FEDERATED BYZANTINE AGREEMENT AND PROOF OF STAKE“. Mikhail, Vladimirovich Toporov, Oleg Yurievich Sabinin. 2019. International Academy of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Theoretical & Applied Science. 0 cites.
• “Scalable Blockchain Protocol Based on Proof of Stake and Sharding“. Yuefei Gao, Shin Kawai, Hajime Nobuhara. 2019. Fuji Technology Press Ltd. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics. 0 cites.
• “The Combinatorics of the Longest-Chain Rule: Linear Consistency for Proof-of-Stake Blockchains“. Erica Blum, Aggelos Kiayias, Cristopher Moore, Saad Quader, Alexander Russell. 2020. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. 0 cites.
• “Casper: Modification of Bitcoin Using Proof of Stake“. Nakul Sheth, Priteshkumar Prajapati, Ayesha Shaikh, Parth Shah. 2018. Springer Singapore Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems. 0 cites.
• “Minting Mechanism for Proof of Stake Blockchains“. Dominic Deuber, Nico Döttling, Bernardo Magri, Giulio Malavolta, Sri Aravinda Krishnan Thyagarajan. 2020. Springer International Publishing Applied Cryptography and Network Security. 0 cites.
• “Energy and Profit-Aware Proof-of-Stake Offloading in Blockchain-based VANETs“. Vincenzo De Maio, Rafael Brundo Uriarte, Ivona Brandic. 2019. ACM Proceedings of the 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing. 0 cites.
• “Account Management in Proof of Stake Ledgers“. Dimitris Karakostas, Aggelos Kiayias, Mario Larangeira. 2020. Springer International Publishing Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 0 cites.
• “Weighted voting on the blockchain: Improving consensus in proof of stake protocols“. Stefanos Leonardos, Daniël Reijsbergen, Georgios Piliouras. 2020. Wiley International Journal of Network Management. 0 cites.
• “Design a Proof of Stake Based Directed Acyclic Graph Chain“. Haibo Tian, Huizhi Lin, Fangguo Zhang. 2020. Springer Singapore Communications in Computer and Information Science. 0 cites.
• “Further Proof Systems“. . 2019. Cambridge University Press Proof Complexity. 0 cites.
• “What is at Stake on Campus?“. Jacob Neusner. 2018. Routledge Reaffirming Higher Education. 0 cites.
• “Varactors“. Jan Stake. 2017. CRC Press RF and Microwave Semiconductor Device Handbook. 0 cites.
• “What Is At Stake“. . 2018. Gorgias Press After Saturday Comes Sunday. 0 cites.
• “Inclusive growth: Issues at stake“. . 2017. United Nations Publications . 0 cites.
• “The NBA–China Tension: What’s at Stake?“. Madeline Rae. 2020. SAGE Publications: SAGE Business Cases Originals . 0 cites.
• “The loss of biodiversity – What is at stake?“. . 2019. Nordic Council of Ministers . 0 cites.
• “The End of Religious Freedom: What is at Stake?“. Nelson Tebbe. 2018. Center for Open Science . 0 cites.
• “Introduction What Is at Stake?“. . 2020. Duke University Press Anti-Crisis. 0 cites.
• “3. What’s at Stake?“. . 2019. Cornell University Press The Nordic States and European Unity. 0 cites.
• “Introduction: What is at stake in the Arctic?“. Nauja Bianco. 2020. Nordic Council of Ministers . 0 cites.
• “Society’s Stake in Sustainable Agriculture“. Charles M. Benbrook. 2020. CRC Press Sustainable Agricultural Systems. 0 cites.
• “Proofs of Stake“. . 2020. Springer International Publishing Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks. 0 cites.